Historic Preservation Code

HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION

154.601 TITLE

This Chapter shall be known as and may be cited as the City Historic Preservation Code.

§154.602 PURPOSE

The purpose of the Historic Preservation Code is to promote the protection, enhancement, perpetuation, and use of improvements of special character or historical interest or value in the interest of the health, prosperity, safety, and welfare of the people of the City of Washington by:

  1. Providing a mechanism to identify and preserve the historic and architectural characteristics of Washington which represent elements of the City's cultural, social, economic, political and architectural history; 
  2. Promoting civic pride in the beauty and noble accomplishments of the past as represented in Washington's landmarks and historic districts; 
  3. Stabilizing and improving the economic vitality and value of Washington's landmarks and historic areas; 
  4. Protecting and enhancing the attractiveness of the City so as to draw buyers, visitors, and shoppers, thereby supporting business, commerce, industry, and providing economic benefit to the City; 
  5. Fostering and encouraging preservation, restoration of structures, areas, and neighborhoods and thereby preventing future urban blight.

§154.603 DEFINITIONS

Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases in this ordinance shall be interpreted giving them the same meaning as they have in common usage and so as to give this ordinance its most reasonable application.

  1. Alteration - Any act or process that changes one or more of the exterior architectural features of a structure, including, but not limited to the erection, construction, reconstruction, or removal of any structure. 
  2. Area - A specific geographic division of the City of Washington. 
  3. Addition - Any act or process which changes one or more of the "exterior architectural features" of a structure designated for preservation by adding to, joining with or increasing the size or capacity of the structure. 
  4. Building - Any structure created for the support, shelter or enclosure of persons, animals or property of any kind and which is permanently affixed to the land. 
  5. Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) - A certificate from the Historic Preservation Commission authorizing plans for alterations, construction, removal or demolition of a landmark or site within a designated historic district. 
  6. Commission - Washington Historic Preservation Commission. 
  7. Commissioners - Voting members of the Washington Historic Preservation Commission. 
  8. Construction - The act of adding an addition to an existing structure or the erection of a new principal or accessory structure on a lot or property. 
  9. Council - The City Council of the City of Washington. 
  10. Demolition - Any act or process that destroys in part or in whole a landmark or site within a historic district. 
  11. Design Guideline - A standard of appropriate activity that will preserve the historic and architectural character of a structure or area. 
  12. Exterior Architectural Features - The architectural and general composition of the exterior of a structure, including, but not limited to the kind, color, and the texture of the building material and the type, design and character of all windows, doors, light fixtures, signs, and appurtenant elements. 
  13. Historic District - An area designated as a "historic district" by ordinance of the City Council, and which contains within definable geographic boundaries, one or more landmarks and which has within its boundaries other properties or structures that, while not of such historic and/or architectural significance to be designated as landmarks, nevertheless contribute to the overall visual characteristics of the landmark or landmarks located within the historic district. 
  14. Landmark - Any building, structure or site which has been designated as a "landmark" by ordinance of the City Council, pursuant to procedures prescribed herein, that is worthy of rehabilitation, restoration, and preservation because of its historic and/or architectural significance to the City of Washington. 
  15. Owner of Record - The person, corporation, or other legal entity listed as owner or owners on the records of the Tazewell County Recorder of Deeds. 
  16. Rehabilitation - The process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural and cultural values. 
  17. Removal - Any relocation of a structure on its site or to another site. 
  18. Repair - Any change that does not require a building permit or that is not construction, relocation or alteration. 
  19. Structure - Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires permanent or temporary location on or in the ground, including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, buildings, fences, gazebos, advertising signs, billboards, backstops for tennis courts, radio and television antennae, including supporting towers, swimming pools, satellite dishes, solar panels and wind generation. 
  20. Structural Change - Any change or repair in the supporting members of a building, structure, roof or exterior walls which would expand the building in height, width or bulk of the building.

§154.604 APPLICATIONS FOR LANDMARK AND HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION AND DECERTIFICATION

  1. Only the owner of property that is proposed to be designated as a Landmark or proposed to be located within a proposed Historic District, a Commission member, or member of the City Council may file an application for the designation or decertification of a Landmark or a Historic District. All applications shall be filed with the Planning and Development Director, or his or her designee, on such forms as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Commission. The application shall be accompanied by such plans or data prescribed by the Commission. The application shall contain a statement, in writing, by the applicant, and adequate evidence showing, that the proposed designation conforms to the standards contained in this subchapter. 
  2. At a minimum, the application shall include the following:
  1. For a Landmark:
  1. The name and mailing address of the property owner; 
  2. The legal description and common street address of the property; 
  3. A written statement describing the property and setting forth reasons in support of the proposed designation or decertification; 
  4. Documentation that the property owner has been notified or consents to the application for designation or decertification; 
  5. A list of significant exterior architectural features that should be protected; 
  6. An overall site plan and photographs of the landmark; 
  7. Any other information deemed necessary by the Commission, including but not limited to, plans, drawings, elevations and specifications.
  1. For a Historic District:
  1. The names and mailing addresses of all of the property owners within the proposed area; 
  2. A map delineating the boundaries of the area to be designated or decertified; 
  3. A written statement describing the area and properties within the historic district and setting forth reasons in support of the proposed designation or decertification; 
  4. Documentation that the property owners have been notified or signed the application for designation or decertification; 
  5. A list and photographs of significant exterior architectural features of all properties in the district that should be protected; 
  6. The application shall be signed by no less than fifty-one (51) percent of the all of the owners of each parcel of property within the area proposed to be designated or decertified; 
  7. Any other information deemed necessary by the Commission, including but not limited to, plans, drawings, elevations and specifications.
  1. All applications, whether for landmark or district designation or decertification, shall be accompanied by payment of a one hundred dollar ($100.00) filing fee.

§154.605 STANDARDS FOR LANDMARK DESIGNATION

No Landmark designation shall be recommended by the Commission unless the Commission finds that the property, structure, or area possesses the integrity of design, workmanship, materials, location, and setting that meets one or more of the following criteria:

  1. Significant value as part of the historic, heritage or cultural characteristics of the community, county, state or nation; 
  2. Identification with a person or persons who significantly contributed to the development of the community, county, state or country; 
  3. Representative of the distinguishing characteristics of architecture inherently valuable for the study of a period, type, method of construction or use of indigenous materials; 
  4. Notable work of a master builder, designer, architect or artist whose individual work has influenced the development of the community, county, state or country; 
  5. Unique location or singular physical characteristics that make it an established or familiar visual feature; 
  6. Character as a particularly fine or unique example of a utilitarian structure, including but not limited to farmhouses, gas stations, or other commercial structures, with a high level of integrity or architectural significance; 
  7. An area that has yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory.

§154.606 STANDARDS FOR HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION

No Historic District designation shall be recommended by the Commission unless the Commission finds that the proposed Historic District meets the following criteria:

  1. The proposed Historic District contains one or more Landmarks and contains such other buildings, places or areas within its definable geographic boundaries which, while not of such historic significance to be designated as landmarks, nevertheless contribute to the overall visual characteristics of the landmark or landmarks located in the proposed Historic District; 
  2. The proposed Historic District contains a significant number of structures meeting any one or more of the standards for designation of a Landmark under §154.605 above; 
  3. The proposed Historic District demonstrates a sense of time and place unique to the City of Washington, and/or; 
  4. The proposed Historic District exemplifies or reflects the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the nation, the state, or the community.

§154.607 LANDMARK AND HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION PROCEDURES

  1. The applicant shall prepare and submit ten (10) copies of the Application and supporting materials for the designation or decertification of a Landmark or Historic District. 
  2. The application and supporting materials must be submitted to the Planning and Development Director no later than the fifteenth (15th) day of the month prior to the meeting at which the Commission will review and recommend action on the designation or decertification. 
  3. The Commission shall recommend or not recommend the application for designation or decertification within forty-five (45) days of the date of the application or the filing by the applicant of last item of required supporting data, whichever date is later, unless such time is extended by the mutual consent of the applicant and the Commission. 
  4. Upon receipt of a proper application, supporting documentation, and statement referred to above, the Commission shall hold at least one (1) public hearing on the proposed designation or decertification. Not more than thirty (30) days, and not less than fifteen (15) days, in advance of the hearing, notice of the time, place and date of the hearing shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the City. The notice shall state the location of the property or area proposed to be designated and a statement summarizing how the proposed Landmark or Historic District meets the standards set forth in this subchapter. 
  5. In addition to the public notice herein provided, written notice of the date, time, place, and purpose of the public hearing shall be given to the owner(s) of record of the property which is proposed to be designated as a Landmark or to be included within a Historic District, and to the applicant. This additional notice will be mailed, by first class mail, postage prepaid, or delivered by the City Clerk to the address of record of the owner(s) of the property and to the address as shown on the application of the applicant. 
  6. At the public hearing, the Commission shall receive public comment and review and evaluate the application according to the Standards established by ordinance. 
  7. The Commission shall make specific findings of fact with regard to the Standards provided in this subchapter, and a written recommendation on each application shall be made to the City Council within the time required for a determination of the Commission, as hereinabove provided. Following the public hearing, the Secretary of the Commission shall prepare the Commission's findings of fact, evaluation, recommendation and all supporting documentation received at the public hearing and shall submit same to the City Council. 
  8. All action of the Commission to recommend or not recommend the designation of a Landmark or Historic District shall be made by a resolution passed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Commissioners then in attendance. 
  9. The owner(s) of record of the property proposed to be designated as a Landmark or included within a proposed Historic District shall be notified promptly of the recommendation of the Commission by the Secretary of the Commission.

§154.608 AUTHORIZATION OF LANDMARK OR HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION

  1. The affirmative vote of a majority of the City Council then in attendance shall be required for granting of a Landmark or Historic District designation. 
  2. Upon the granting of a Landmark designation, a notice of Landmark designation will be mailed to the property owner, filed with the Planning and Development Director, filed with the City Clerk's office, and recorded with the Tazewell County Recorder of Deeds. Upon the granting of a Historic District designation, a notice of Historic District designation will be mailed to all of the property owners located within the Historic District, filed with the Planning and Development Director, filed with the City Clerk's office, and recorded with the Tazewell County Recorder of Deeds against each lot, block and parcel of real estate located within the Historic District. 
  3. Upon a denial of a Landmark designation or a Historic District designation, no new application for the designation of the subject property or any of the properties within the area proposed to be designated as a Historic District may be filed, nor will any such application be considered by the Commission, for a period of ninety (90) days.

§154.609 CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS

  1. A Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) issued by the Commission shall be required before a building permit or demolition permit is issued for any Landmark or any building, structure, or site or part thereof in a Historic District. A COA shall also be required before any Landmark or any building, structure or site or part thereof in a Historic District is altered, extended, or repaired in such a manner as to produce a major change in the exterior architectural features of such building or structure. For purposes of this Section, the term "major change" shall include, but is not limited to, the following:
  1. Any change by addition, alteration, maintenance, reconstruction, rehabilitation, renovation or repair that requires the issuance of a Building Permit under the Code of Ordinances; 
  2. Any new construction and demolition in whole or in part requiring a permit from the City of Washington; 
  3. Moving or relocating a building; 
  4. Any construction, alteration, demolition, or removal affecting a significant exterior architectural feature as identified and specified in the ordinance designating the Landmark or Historic District. 
  1. Notwithstanding Paragraph (A) above, a COA shall not be made required where the applicant shows to the Commission that a failure to grant the permit will cause an imminent threat to life, health, or property. 
  2. No COA shall be required for the following activities:
  1. Change in exterior paint scheme; 
  2. Installation of, or change in, storm doors, storm windows, screens, window air conditioners, or television antennas; 
  3. Ordinary repair and maintenance of existing exterior architectural features which does not change the basic structural appearance of same; 
  4. Installation and repair to walks, patios, or driveways; 
  5. Installation of outside storage and mechanical equipment that cannot be seen from the street; 
  6. Installation, removal, or change in landscaping.

§154.610 APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS

  1. Every application for a building permit or demolition permit issued for any Landmark or any building, structure, or site or part thereof in a designated Historic District, including plans and specifications, if any, shall be promptly forwarded to the Commission. In those instances where a COA is required but a building and/or demolition permit is not, a separate application for COA shall be submitted to the Commission. 
  2. The application for issuance of a COA must include: 
  1. Street address of the property involved. 
  2. Legal description of the property involved. 
  3. Brief description of the present improvements situated on the property. 
  4. A detailed description of the construction, alteration, demolition, or use proposed together with any architectural drawings or sketches if those services have been utilized by the applicant and if not, a sufficient description of the construction, alteration, demolition, and use to enable the Commission to determine what final appearance and use of the real estate will be. 
  5. Owner's name and address; 
  6. Applicant's name and address; 
  7. Contractor's name, if different than owner. 
  8. Architect's name and address, if any.
  1. The applicant shall prepare and submit ten (10) copies of the Application for a COA and supporting materials to the Planning and Development Director. The Planning and Development Director shall forward the Application and supporting materials to the Commission within five (5) working days after receipt.

§154.611 STANDARDS FOR CERTIFICATES OF APPROPRIATENESS

  1. No COA shall be issued by the Commission unless the Commission finds that one or more of the following criteria, as developed by the Secretary of the Interior's "Standards for Rehabilitation", are met:
  1. The property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site environment; 
  2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided; 
  3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken; 
  4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved; 
  5. Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilled craftsmanship that characterize a building, structure, or site shall be treated with sensitivity; 
  6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities, and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence; 
  7. The surface cleaning of the structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible; 
  8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken; 
  9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment; 
  10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the Landmark and/or the Historic District would be unimpaired.
  1. Design guidelines for applying the Standards for issuance of a COA shall at a minimum, consider the following architectural criteria:
  1. Height - the height of any proposed alteration or construction should be compatible with the style and character of the landmark and with surrounding structures in a historic district; 
  2. Proportions of windows and doors - The proportions and relationships between doors and windows should be compatible with the architectural style and character of the landmark; 
  3. Relationship of Building Masses and Spaces - The relationship of a structure within a historic district to the open space between it and adjoining structures should be compatible; 
  4. Roof Shape - The design of the roof, fascia, and cornice should be compatible with the architectural style and character of the landmark; 
  5. Landscaping - Landscaping should be compatible with the architectural character and appearance of the landmark; 
  6. Scale - The scale of the structure after alteration, construction, or partial demolition should be compatible with its architectural style and character and with surrounding structures in a historic district; 
  7. Directional Expression - Facades in historic districts should blend with other structures with regard to directional expression. Structures in a historic district should be compatible with the dominant horizontal or vertical expression of surrounding structures; 
  8. The direction expression of a landmark after alteration, construction, or partial demolition should be compatible with its original architectural style and character; 
  9. Architectural Details - Architectural details including types of materials, colors, and textures should be treated so as to make the landmark compatible with its original architectural style and character of a landmark or historic district; 
  10. New structures in a Historic District shall be compatible with the architectural styles and design in the Historic District.

§154.612 CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS PROCEDURES

  1. The applicant shall prepare and submit ten (10) copies of the Application and supporting materials for the designation or decertification of a Landmark or Historic District. 
  2. The application for a COA and supporting materials must be submitted to the Planning and Development Director no later than the fifteenth (15th) day of the month prior to the meeting at which the Commission will review and act on the application for a COA. 
  3. The Commission shall issue or deny the COA at its next regularly scheduled meeting after the timely filing of the application, or at any properly called special meeting of the Commission for that purpose, unless such time is extended by the mutual consent of the applicant and the Commission. 
  4. The affirmative vote of the majority of the members of the Commission then in attendance shall be required for granting of an application for a COA. 
  5. The Commission shall make specific findings of fact with regard to the Standards provided in this subchapter, and a written approval or denial on each application shall be made by the Commission. Following the meeting, the Secretary of the Commission shall prepare the Commission's findings of fact, evaluation, and determination and shall personally deliver or mail a copy thereof to the applicant, by first class mail, postage prepaid, to the address of the applicant stated on the application within five (5) business days after the meeting of the Commission. 
  6. In the event that the Commission grants the application for a COA, the Planning and Development Director shall issue a signed COA to the applicant. 
  7. A COA issued by the Planning and Development Director shall be effective from and after the fourteenth (14th) day after the meeting of the Commission at which the application therefore was granted. 
  8. In the event that the Commission denies an application for a COA, the Commission shall, in addition to submitting the information provided above, submit to the applicant the reasons for the Commission's denial. 
  1. Within fourteen (14) days of receipt of the notification of denial, the applicant may resubmit an amended application for a COA that takes into consideration the recommendations of the Commission. If an amended application is not submitted within said fourteen (14)-day period, the decision of the Commission shall become final. 
  2. Within fourteen (14) days of the filing of an amended application for a COA with the Planning and Development Director, the Commission shall meet and either issue the COA or schedule a new meeting for the appeal as set forth below. 
  3. The process for the appeal of the denial of an amended application for a COA shall be as follows: 
  1. The Commission shall designate a time and place for the hearing of the appeal and give written notice thereof to the applicant by mailing notice of the meeting, by first class mail, postage prepaid, not less than ten (10) days prior to the date of the meeting to the address of the applicant as stated in the application for the COA. 
  2. At the hearing, the Commission and the applicant shall have the right to introduce evidence and cross examine witnesses. The Secretary of the Commission shall make and keep an audio recording, video recording or written transcript of the meeting. 
  3. Within five (5) days after the date of the hearing, the Commission shall issue a written decision on the amended application, and notify the Planning and Development Director and the applicant thereof, unless the time is extended by mutual agreement between the Commission and the applicant. 
  4. In the event of a denial of the amended application by the Commission, the applicant may appeal the decision to the City Council, whose decision in this matter shall be final subject only to judicial review as provided by law. The applicant shall provide the Secretary of the Commission a notice of any such appeal. 
  1. A COA shall permit only such changes as are specified in the COA. Any modifications of the plans, as approved by the Commission in the COA, will not be permitted. 
  2. Any work or change authorized by a COA but not substantially started within (90) days of the issuance of the COA shall require a new COA. Once works has started under the COA, such work not completed within one (1) year of starting construction shall require a new COA.

§154.613 CERTIFICATE OF ECONOMIC HARDSHIP

  1. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this subchapter to the contrary, the Commission may issue a Certificate of Economic Hardship to allow the performance of work for which a Certificate of Appropriateness has been denied. 
  2. An applicant for a Certificate of Economic Hardship must submit one or more of the following in order to assist the Commission in making its determination on the application: 
  1. The amount paid for the property, the date of purchase and the party from whom purchased (including a description of the relationship, if any, between the owner and the person from whom the property was purchased); 
  2. The assessed value of the land and improvements thereon according to the two most recent assessments; 
  3. Real estate taxes for the previous two years; 
  4. Remaining balance on the mortgage, if any, and the annual debt service, if any, for the previous two years; 
  5. All appraisals obtained within the previous two years by the owner or applicant in connection with this purchase, financing or ownership of the property; 
  6. Any listing of the property for sale or rent, price asked and offers received, if any; 
  7. Any consideration by the owner as to profitable adaptive uses for the property; 
  8. If the property is income-producing, the annual gross income from the property for the previous two years, itemized operating and maintenance expenses for the previous two years, and annual cash flow before and after debt service, if any during the same period; 
  9. Form of ownership or operation of the property, whether sole proprietorship, for-profit or not-for-profit corporation, limited partnership, joint venture or other; 
  10. Any other information, including the income-tax bracket of the owner, applicant, or principal investors in the property, reasonably necessary for a determination as to whether the property can be reasonably used or yield a reasonable return to present or future owners. 
  1. If the Commission finds that without approval of the proposed work for which a COA has been denied, the property owner cannot obtain a reasonable economic return therefrom, then for a period not to exceed ninety (90) days, the Commission shall investigate the plans and make recommendations to the City Council to allow for a reasonably beneficial use or a reasonable economic return, or to otherwise preserve the subject property. Such plans and recommendations may include, but not be limited to: 
  1. A relaxation of the provisions of this subchapter; and/or 
  2. Building code modifications; and/or 
  3. Changes in zoning regulations.
  1. If, by the end of the ninety (90) day period referred to above, the Commission has found that without approval of the proposed work for which a COA has been denied, the property cannot be put to a reasonable beneficial use or the owner cannot obtain a reasonable economic return therefrom, then the Commission shall issue a Certificate of Economic Hardship approving the proposed work. If the Commission finds the property can be put to a reasonable beneficial use or the owner can obtain a reasonable economic return therefrom, the Commission shall deny the application for a Certificate of Economic Hardship. 
  2. The Certificate of Economic Hardship shall be effective from and after the fourteenth (14th) day after the meeting of the Commission at which the Certificate of Economic Hardship was granted.

§154.614 APPEALS

  1. When a Certificate of Appropriateness or a Certificate of Economic Hardship is approved or denied, the applicant, the owner of any property within the approved Historic District that includes the property within its boundaries, or any property owner within two hundred fifty (250) feet from any boundary of the subject property, within fourteen (14) days, may appeal the determination and decision of the Commission to the City Council. 
  2. The Commission shall submit the record of its proceedings, and a copy of its decision to the City Council. No new matters not included in the record before the Commission may be considered by the Council. 
  3. By affirmative vote of the City Council then in attendance at the meeting thereof, the City Council may affirm, reverse, and/or remand for further proceedings, the decision of the Commission. 
  4. The Secretary of the Commission shall notify the applicant and the Planning and Development Director within seven (7) days of the Council's decision, and shall take such action as shall be necessary as a result of the decision of the City Council within fourteen (14) days thereof.

§154.615 NATURAL DESTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION

In the case of partial or complete natural destruction or demolition of a site within a Historic District or of a Landmark, the owner must obtain a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Commission prior to reconstruction. Although exact duplication of the previous structure may not be required, the exterior design of the property shall be in harmony with:

  1. The exterior design of the structure prior to damage, and 
  2. The character of the Historic District.

§154.699 FEES AND PENALTIES

  1. The City Council, upon recommendation from the Commission, may establish an appropriate system of processing fees and bonds to fulfill the provisions of this subchapter. 
  2. Any person who undertakes or causes an alteration, construction, demolition, or removal of any Landmark or property within a Historic District without a COA shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000). Every day such violation shall continue to exist shall constitute a separate violation. 

  3. In addition to any other remedies and penalties provided in this subchapter, the City Attorney is authorized and directed to file institute, at the direction of the corporate authorities in the name of the City, civil actions for temporary restraining orders, temporary injunctions, permanent injunctions, or for damages, against any person, firm or entity violating this subchapter. In any such action, in addition to any other remedy or damages, the City shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs, whether such attorneys' fees are incurred for preparation, negotiation, trial, appellate, or otherwise. 

(Ord. 2750, passed 10-1-07)